The dose rates shown above are expressed as multiples of sea level. This plot shows how the Forbush decrease was restricted to the stratosphere it did not affect lower levels of the atmosphere: Radiation levels in the stratosphere over California dropped nearly 20%, more than doubling the previous record from our dataset.Įn route to the stratosphere, our sensors also pass through aviation altitudes, so we can sample radiation where planes fly. 3-4, 2021, was the deepest in the history of our 7-year atmospheric monitoring program. We have measured Forbush decreases before. Radiation from deep space that would normally pepper Earth's upper atmosphere is briefly wiped out. It happens when a CME from the sun sweeps past Earth and literally pushes cosmic rays away from our planet. This is called a "Forbush decrease," named after American physicist Scott Forbush who studied cosmic rays in the early 20th century. It happened during the strong geomagnetic storms of Nov. 2021): Our balloons have just measured a sudden drop in atmospheric radiation. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distanceīetween Earth and the Moon. It comes with a greeting card showing the pendant in flight and telling the story of its trip to the stratosphere and back again.Īll sales support hands-on STEM education The Tiger Heart Pendant makes a great anniversary, Christmas, or birthday gift. A rich layer of rhodium plating ensures the longevity of the pendant and its 18-inch chain. The golden tiger is surrounded by a partial halo of sparkling cubic zirconia crystals, tracing the shape of a heart. On June 26, 2022, this one hitched a ride to the stratosphere onboard an Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray research balloon: STERLING SILVER TIGER HEART PENDANT: Are you looking for a far-out gift? Consider the sterling silver Tiger Heart Pendant. To see them, look north after sunset or before sunrise when the geometry is perfect for their illumination. Noctilucent clouds prefer the North Pole, but during strong seasons they can spill across the Arctic Circle to lower latitudes. The resulting ice crystals organize themselves into rippling electric-blue clouds that shine at night. They form when summertime wisps of water vapor rise up to the edge of space, frosting specks of meteor smoke. Mark Schanke sends this picture from Richland, Washington (+46N): Last night, the electric-blue forms descended to middle latitudes. MID-LATITUDE NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS: July 2022 has been a good month for noctilucent clouds-one of the best in 15 years. The CME is a slow mover, but even slow CMEs can cause minor geomagnetic storms. NOAA analysts say the CME could hit Earth's magnetic field on July 20th or 21st. Soon after the eruption, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) saw a partial halo CME emerging from the sun's northern hemisphere. They trace the channel where the filament was suspended by magnetic forces above the sun's surface, before instabilities flung it skyward. The walls of the canyon, which stretch diagonally across the video, are 20,000 km high and 10 times as long. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text.Ī 'CANYON OF FIRE' JUST OPENED ON THE SUN: A dark filament of magnetism whipsawed out of the sun's atmosphere on July 15th, carving a gigantic 'canyon of fire.' NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory recorded the eruption: The CME was hurled into space by yesterday's 'canyon of fire' eruption, described below. GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH: Minor G1-class geomagnetic storms are possible on July 20th or 21st when a slow-moving CME is expected to hit Earth's magnetic field. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining-a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays. Credit: SDO/AIAĬosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Sunspots AR3057 and AR3058 pose a threat for M-class solar flares.
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